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The application and challenges of electronic technology in the trend of instrumentation intelligence
The instrumentation industry is widely categorized, including but not limited to gauge and meter, automotive instrumentation, marine instrumentation, aviation instrumentation, navigation instrumentation, driving instrumentation, radio test instrumentation, carrier microwave test instrumentation, geologic exploration test instrumentation, building materials test instrumentation, and so on. In addition, according to the function, detection and control of objects, structure, principle and other different characteristics, can be further divided into a number of sub-categories or sub-categories. However, in the instrumentation industry, Aipu's modular power supply products are mainly used in a variety of equipment including digital recorders, current transformers, temperature and humidity controllers, electrical fire monitors, crane instruments, gas analyzers and so on. These power supplies are characterized by low ripple, high precision, good electromagnetic compatibility, small size and high reliability, and are able to meet the instrumentation industry's high standards for power supplies. The features of Aipu Electronics' products include small size, excellent performance, compliance with CE, ROHS and UL standards, and a 5-year product warranty. |
Typical use cases in the instrumentation industry
1 DC-DC Modular Power Supply (FD12-XXSXXA3(C)4(-T)(-TS) series): Aipu Electronics provides DC-DC modular power supplies with power ranging from 1W to 700W. These power supplies are used in instrumentation to convert DC input voltage to DC output voltage at different voltage levels, and are widely used in precision measuring instruments, data acquisition systems, and sensor power supply.
2 AC-DC Modular Power Supplies (DA60-220SXXG2N3 Series): AC-DC modular power supplies with power ranging from 2W to 200W are used to convert AC power to DC power. The applications of these power supplies in instrumentation include providing stable power supply for various types of analytical instruments, test equipment, and monitoring systems.
3 Communication isolation transceiver module (RS485-XXHSAVC series): These modules are used for data communication and signal isolation in instrumentation to ensure accurate data transmission while reducing interference. They are especially common in industrial control systems, network communication equipment, remote monitoring instruments.
Specific application examples include:
● Digital Logger: Uses Aipu Electronics' modular power supply to ensure stable operation and data accuracy over long periods of time.
● Current Transformer: Utilizing Aipo's power modules, the current transformer is provided with a stable power supply to ensure the accuracy of the current measurement.
● Temperature and humidity controllers: These controllers use Aipo Electronics power modules to ensure reliability and stability in complex environments.
● Electrical fire monitors: Using Aipo Electronics' power supplies ensures that the monitors continue to work stably during critical safety monitoring.
● Crane instruments: These instruments need to accurately display lifting data during lifting operations, and Aipo's power modules provide a stable power supply for them.
● Gas analyzers: In environmental monitoring and industrial production, gas analyzers use power modules from Aipo Electronics to ensure the accuracy of analysis results.
4 Relevant part of the product introduction:
FD12-XXSXXA3(C)4(-T)(-TS) | ◆ Wide range input ( 4:1), 12W output power Conversion efficiency up to 89 ◆ Low standby power consumption down to 0.1W ◆ Output quick start ◆ Long-term short-circuit protection, automatic recovery Input under-voltage, output over-voltage, short-circuit and over-current protection. ◆ Switching frequency 350KHz ◆ Isolation voltage 2150VAC ◆ Operating temperature range: -40°C~+85°C ◆ Good electromagnetic compatibility EMI characteristics, bare metal meets CISPR32/EN55032 CLASS A. ◆ International standard pins |
DA60-220SXXG2N3 | ◆ Wide range input: 85-265VAC/120-380VDC ◆ No-load power consumption ≤0.45W ◆ Conversion efficiency (typical 86%) ◆ Switching frequency: 65KHz ◆ Protection type: short-circuit, over-current protection ◆ Isolation Voltage: 4000VAC ◆ Meets IEC62368/UL62368/EN62368 test standards. ◆ PCB board mounting |
RS485-XXHSAVC | ◆ Transmission speed up to 500Kbps ◆ Built-in isolated power supply ◆ Bus protection ◆ Isolated at both ends 3000VAC ◆ Operating temperature range: -40℃ to +85℃. ◆ Supports 128 nodes on the same network. ◆ Automatic switching of send/receive status |
Technology Application Introduction
Technical applications in the instrumentation industry
With the continuous progress of science and technology, instrumentation industry plays an increasingly important role in China's economic development. As the key equipment for measuring, controlling and monitoring various physical quantities, instrumentation is widely used in industry, agriculture, medical care, environmental protection, scientific research and other fields. (hereinafter referred to as "Aipu Electronics"), as a high-tech enterprise focusing on the research, development, production and sales of power modules, its products are increasingly widely used in the instrumentation industry. In this article, we will discuss in detail the technical applications and advantages of Aipu Electronics in the instrumentation industry.
Ⅰ.Technology Application of Aipu Electronics in Instrumentation Industry
1 the importance of power modules in the instrumentation industry
Instrumentation equipment requires high stability, precision and reliability of power supply. As a core component of instrumentation, the main role of the power module is to provide a stable and reliable power supply for the equipment. Aipu's power supply modules have the following advantages when applied in the instrumentation industry:
1) High stability: Ensure stable operation of instrumentation in various environments and improve measurement accuracy.
2) High efficiency: Reduces energy consumption and extends equipment life.
3) Miniaturization: Easy integration and space saving.
4) Wide voltage range: adapting to different voltage environments, improving the adaptability of the equipment.
2 Specific technology application cases
1) Application of DC-DC modular power supply in instrumentation industry
Case 1: Digital Logger
Digital recorder is a device used to record, store and analyze various data. The application of Aipu's DC-DC modular power supply in this equipment provides a stable and efficient power supply for the recorder, ensuring the accuracy and continuity of data recording.
Technical characteristics:
· Stable output voltage with low ripple;
· High efficiency, low power consumption;
· Compact design for easy integration.
Case 2: Current Transformer
Current transformers are important measuring devices used in power systems to measure current. Aipu Electronics' DC-DC modular power supplies provide stable power to current transformers, ensuring the accuracy of current measurements.
Technical characteristics:
· High precision output voltage;
· Strong anti-interference capability;
· Good temperature characteristics.
2) AC-DC modular power supplies in the instrumentation industry
Case 1: Temperature and humidity controller
Temperature and humidity controllers are widely used in laboratories, warehouses, computer rooms and other places to monitor and regulate environmental temperature and humidity. The application of Aipu's AC-DC modular power supply in this equipment provides a stable power supply for the controller and ensures reliable operation of the equipment in various environments.
Technical characteristics:
· Wide voltage input range;
· High efficiency, low power consumption;
· Dust and moisture resistant design.
Case 2: Electrical Fire Monitor
Electrical fire monitors are used to monitor the operation status of electrical lines in real time to prevent fire accidents. The application of Aipu's AC-DC modular power supply in this equipment provides a stable and reliable power supply for the monitor and ensures the long-term stable operation of the equipment.
Technical characteristics:
· Stable output voltage and strong anti-interference ability;
· Long-term short-circuit protection with automatic recovery;
· Energy efficient.
3) Application of communication isolation transceiver modules in the instrumentation industry
Case: industrial control systems
Industrial control systems are widely used in factories, mines, energy and other fields for automation control. The application of Aipu's communication isolation transceiver modules in this system effectively improves the stability and reliability of data transmission.
Technical characteristics:
· High-speed RS485 interface isolation;
· Integrated power isolation, electrical isolation;
· Strong anti-interference capability;
· Good electromagnetic compatibility.
Ⅱ.Aipu Electronics in the instrumentation industry, technological innovation and outlook
1 Technological innovation
1) R&D of high-efficiency and miniaturized power supply modules to meet the demand for high-performance power supplies in the instrumentation industry.
2) Improve the environmental adaptability of power modules to meet the needs of different application scenarios.
3) Adoption of new materials to reduce the power consumption of power supply modules and improve product competitiveness.
2 Outlook
1) With the continuous development of the instrumentation industry, Aipu Electronics will continue to plough into the power module market and provide more quality products for the industry.
2) Follow the national policy guidance, increase R&D investment, and promote the application of power supply technology in the instrumentation industry.
3) Expanding the international market and enhancing the influence of Aipu Electronics in the global instrumentation industry.
Ⅲ.Conclusion
With its expertise in the field of power modules, Aipu Electronics provides stable, efficient and reliable power solutions for the instrumentation industry. With the continuous progress of science and technology, Aipu Electronics will continue to innovate and contribute to the development of the instrumentation industry. In the future market competition, Aipu Electronics is expected to become a leading company in power supply modules for the instrumentation industry.
Cross-connect Technology Keeps Instrumentation Amplifiers Achieving Fully Differential Outputs
Q: Can we use an instrumentation amplifier to generate a differential output signal?
As the demand for accuracy continues to increase, fully differential signal chain components stand out for their outstanding performance. One of the main advantages of these components is the noise suppression picked up by the signal routing. Since the output picks up this noise, the output is often in error and thus further attenuated in the signal chain.
In addition, differential signals can achieve twice the signal range of a single-ended signal on the same power supply. As a result, fully differential signals have a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The classic three-op-amp instrumentation amplifier has many advantages, including common mode signal rejection, high input impedance, and accurate (adjustable) gain; however, it cannot help when a fully differential output signal is required. A number of methods have been used to implement fully differential instrumentation amplifiers with standard components. However, they have their own drawbacks.
Figure 1. Classic Instrumentation Amplifier A technique that uses an operational amplifier to drive a reference pin, with the positive input being common mode and the negative input being the center of two matched resistors that connect the outputs together. This configuration uses the instrumentation amplifier output as the positive output and the operational amplifier output as the negative output. Since the two outputs are different amplifiers, a mismatch in dynamic performance between these amplifiers can greatly affect the overall performance of the circuit.
In addition, the matching of the two resistors causes the output common mode to move with the output signal, and as a result, distortion may result. In designing this circuit, stability must be considered in the selection of the amplifier and a feedback capacitor on the operational amplifier may be required to limit the total bandwidth of the circuit. Finally, the gain range of the circuit depends on the instrumentation amplifier. Therefore, it is not possible to achieve a gain of less than 1.
Figure 2. Using an external operational amplifier to generate an inverting output Another technique is to connect two instrumentation amplifiers in parallel with the input switch. This configuration provides better matched drive circuitry and frequency response than the previous circuit. However, it cannot achieve a gain of less than 2. The circuit also requires precision matching of gain resistors to achieve a purely differential signal. Mismatching of these resistors results in a change in the output common mode level with the same effect as the previous architecture.
Figure 3. Using a second instrumentation amplifier to produce an inverted output Both methods have limitations on the achievable gain as well as matching component requirements.
New cross connect technology
By cross connecting two instrumentation amplifiers, as shown in Figure 4, this new circuit uses a single gain resistor to provide a fully differential output with precision gain or attenuation. By connecting the two reference pins together, the user can adjust the output common mode as needed.
Fig. 4. Cross-connection technique - solution for generating the output of a differential instrumentation amplifier The gain of In_A is introduced by the following equation. Since the input voltage appears on the positive terminals of the input buffers of instrumentation amplifier 2, and the voltage at the other end of resistors R2 and R3 is 0 V, the gain of these buffers follows the equation that applies to the in-phase operational amplifier configuration. Similarly, for the input buffers of instrumentation amplifier 1, the gain follows the inverting op-amp configuration. Since all the resistors in the differential amplifier are matched, the gain of the buffer output is 1.
Fig. 5. Matching resistors inside the instrumentation amplifier are
the key to the cross-connection technique
According to the principle of symmetry, if a voltage v2 is applied to In_B and In_A is grounded, the
Results are as follows:
Adding these two results gives the gain of the circuit.
The gain resistors R3 and R2 set the gain of the circuit and only one resistor is needed for a fully differential signal. The positive/negative output depends on the resistors installed. Not installing R3 will cause the second term in the gain equation to become zero. This results in a gain of 2 × R1/R2. Not installing R2 causes the first term in the gain equation to become zero. This results in a gain of -2 × R1/R3. Another point to note is that gain is purely a ratio, so gains less than one can be realized. Keep in mind that since R2 and R3 have opposite effects on gain, using two gain resistors will result in a first stage gain higher than the output. If care is not taken in selecting the resistor values, the bias induced by the first stage op amp at the output will be increased.
To demonstrate the practical use of this circuit, we connected two AD8221 instrumentation amplifiers. The datasheet lists R1 as 24.7kΩ, so a gain equal to 1 can be achieved when R2 is 49.4kΩ.
CH1 is the input signal to In_A, CH2 is VOUT_A, and CH3 is VOUT_B. Outputs A and B are matched and inverted, and the difference is equal in magnitude to the input signal.
Fig. 6. Generating a Differential Instrumentation Amplifier Output Signal Using the Cross-Connection Technique, Measured at Gain = 1 Next, the 49.4kΩ gain resistor is moved from R2 to R3, and the new gain of the circuit is -1. Now that Out_A is inverted with respect to the input, the difference between the outputs is equal in magnitude to the input signal.
Figure 7. Generation of differential instrumentation amplifier output signals using the cross-connect technique, measured under growth chart conditions with gain = -1 As mentioned earlier, a limitation of the other techniques is the inability to achieve attenuation. Using R2 = 98.8kΩ, the circuit attenuates the input signal by a factor of two according to the gain equation.
Fig. 8. Generation of differential instrumentation amplifier output signals using the cross connect technique, measured at gain = 1/2 Finally, to demonstrate the high gain, R2 = 494Ω was chosen to achieve G = 100.
Figure 9. Generation of a differential instrumentation amplifier output signal using the cross-connect technique Instrumentation amplifier, measured at gain = 100 The performance of this circuit behaves as described by the gain equation. Some precautions should be taken when using this circuit in order to obtain optimum performance. The accuracy and drift of the gain resistor will increase the gain error of the instrumentation amplifier, so the proper tolerance should be selected based on the error requirements.
Since capacitance on the Rg pins of the instrumentation amplifiers can lead to poor frequency performance, attention should be paid to these nodes if high frequency performance is required. In addition, a temperature mismatch between the two instrumentation amplifiers can lead to system misalignment due to misalignment drift, so care should be taken here with layout and loading. The use of a dual-channel instrumentation amplifier, such as the AD8222, can help overcome these potential problems.
Conclusion
Cross-connect technology maintains the desired characteristics of an instrumentation amplifier while providing additional functionality. Although all of the examples discussed in this paper implement differential outputs, the common mode of the outputs is not affected by resistor pair mismatches in a cross-connect circuit, unlike other architectures. Thus, a true differential output is always realized. Moreover, as the gain equation shows, differential signal attenuation is possible, which eliminates the need for a funnel amplifier, which was essential in the past. Finally, the polarity of the output is determined by the position of the gain resistor (using either R2 or R3), which adds even more flexibility for the user.